Part I of the text includes to a large part well established customary principles of international water law; the principle of equitable and reasonable utilization, the obligation not to cause significant harm, and the principle of protection and conservation of the river's ecosystem. [Israel and Palestine shall agree to share international watercourses in accordance with the principle of equitable and reasonable utilization.] To address the deadlock, we used the van Eeten (1999) four-step process for defining new agendas. Guided by the principle of fair and equitable utilization of the Nile, Ethiopia has been in negotiations with the riparian countries over the past years. IV – Principle of Equitable and Reasonable Utilization – The Three Countries shall utilize their shared water resources in their respective territories in an equitable and reasonable manner. — Consistent with the constitutional principle that the ownership and enjoyment of property bear a social function and to raise funds for the Program, all local government units are hereby authorized to impose an additional one-half percent (0.5%) tax on the assessed value of all lands in urban areas in excess of Fifty thousand pesos (P50,000). (g) Reasonable modifications for individuals “regarded as” having a disability. Principle 7 – Businesses, when engaged in influencing public and regulatory policy, should do so in a responsible manner. 1 Utilization of an international watercourse in an equitable and reasonable manner within the meaning of article 5 requires taking into account all relevant factors and circumstance, including: (a) Geographic, hydrographic, hydrological, climatic, ecological and other factors of natural character; 4. Share Facebook Twitter … To deliver on the promise of a 21st-Century government that is more efficient, effective and transparent, the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) is streamlining the Federal government's guidance on Administrative Requirements, Cost Principles, and Audit Requirements for … In ensuring their equitable and reasonable utilization, the Three Countries will take into account all the With regard to the former, benefit sharing in the international law on transboundary watercourses has been seen as an extension of the general principle of equitable and reasonable utilization, 178 challenging inter-state cooperation as it has traditionally focused on purely quantitative allocations of water. The work examines the means and processes by which environmental considerations can act upon the operation of the principle of equitable utilization. Ethiopia’s aspiration and commitment for development is best demonstrated through the unanimous support and contribution to the construction of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD). True. IV – Principle of Equitable and Reasonable Utilization The Tree Countries shall utilize their shared water resources in their respective territories in an equitable and reasonable manner. We have indeed been guided by the internationally accepted principle of equitable and reasonable utilization and not causing significant harm in building this Dam. obligation to cooperate. The Article traces The basic principle it proposes for using international watercourses water is equitable and reasonable utilization. ... mutual trust and the principle of equitable and reasonable utilization. The No-Harm rule is forming a fundamental rule, while the principle of equitable and reasonable utilization is regarded as the cornerstone of international water law. Principle of prior notification, consultation and negotiation ... For a large group, risk can be predicted with reasonable accuracy. commitment for a cooperation on the Nile based on mutual trust and the principles of equitable and reasonable utilization of the River. The Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) is an affirmation of Ethiopia’s commitment for equitable and reasonable utilization of the Abbay River. 1 ' This doctrine originated as a middle position of reasonable- TBAs. The office said in a statement today that Ethiopia has reiterate its commitment for peaceful resolution of the matter on the GERD based on cooperation, non-interference, mutual trust and the principle of equitable and reasonable utilization. (4) Participating in developing tourism resources the principle of equitable and reasonable utilization, as follows: (a) they shall utilize transboundary aquifers or aquifer systems in a manner that is consistent with the equitable and reasonable accrual of benefits therefrom to the aquifer . Equitable and reasonable utilization: Equitable and reasonable refers generally to the equal right among states sharing an international watercourse to use its water for their own beneficial and sustainable purposes in relation to one another. In addition to state practice, scholarly commentaries and … The principle of equitable and reasonable utilization and principle not to cause significant harm are the water law principles attained the status of customary international law. 5 & 6), and As discussed below, these two elements, equality and mutually acceptable arrangements, are actually the basis of the concept of equitable and reasonable utilization. In 2010, the CFA was established and it introduced, for the first time, the principle of “equitable and reasonable utilization” of the Nile River water. For instance, the principle of equitable and reasonable utilization, by requiring States to cooperate for an equitable use of the shared watercourse goes hand in hand with the obligation to fulfil, which in turn demands that States provide the necessary assistance to facilitate the realization of the right to water in other countries. Vibe stores and processes your information on computers located in the United States that are protected by … What Does “Equitable and Reasonable Utilization” Mean in a River Basin Setting? Article 12 as well as by several regional instruments, 13 . Watercourse States shall in their respective territories utilise an international watercourse in an equitable and reasonable manner. The principle of creation and God's gratuitous action. Moreover the principle of equitable and reasonable utilization has to be applied with all the relevant factors and circumstances pertaining to the international watercourse in question as well as to the needs and uses of the watercourse States concerned. Principle of Development, Regional Integration and Sustainability; The purpose of GERD is for power generation, to contribute to economic development, promotion of transboundary cooperation and regional integration through generation of sustainable and reliable clean energy supply. Progress has also been made in coal-to-liquid (CTL) and coal-to-gas (CTG), the precision utilization of low-rank coals, and other industrialized demonstration projects of intensive coal processing. In simple terms, the principle of equitable utilization requires states to take into consideration all relevant factors and circumstances when working toward an obligation to utilize transboundary waters in an equitable and reasonable manner. The Equitable and Reasonable Utilization Principles (Equitable Use and No-Harm): Case of Israel and Palestine In articles IV and V of the Helsinki Rules (Manner and Metsälampi, 1988), equitable and reasonable use is clearly expressed. The negotiation with the lower riparian states has shown significant progress since the AU seized of the matter as a manifestation of Africa’s capability to … Significant contribution to the concretization of the principle of equitable and reasonable utilization, through its application to the Nile; Review and weighing of factors and circumstances relevant for determining equitable and reasonable utilization of the Nile 5) has conferred a privileged status on environmental or ecological concerns in determining what is an equitable and reasonable utilization of transboundary waters. prerequisite of the equitable and rea-sonable utilization, mentioned in Arti-cle 5 therein, which is considered the cornerstone of the new Law of Interna-tional Watercourses. Article V of the Draft Articles specifies the principle of "equitable and reasonable utilization and China has taken action to promote the clean and efficient utilization of coal, and increased the quota of coal consumption on power generation. The principle of equitable and reasonable utilization of international watercourses as laid down in the UN . (b) Working paper by Canada. The backbone of the UN Convention is formed by the two principles: the principles of equitable and reasonable utilisation, and the principle obligation not to cause significant harm. IV – Principle of Equitable and Reasonable Utilization – The Tree Countries shall utilize their shared water resources in their respective territories in an equitable and reasonable manner. in its codification of the principle of equitable utilization (United Nations, 1997, arts. The principle of equitable and reasonable utilization deals with the quantitative sharing of the waters of the shared river, lake or aquifer. Principle 9 – Businesses should engage with … Lists factors relevant to the determination of equitable and reasonable utilization. The principle that gives a State the right to use shared waters is limited by the rights of the co-basin States to use the resources of the same watercourse without being harmed significantly. The reflection of the Prophets and that found in the Wisdom Literature, in coming to the formulation of the principle that all things were created by God, touch on the first manifestation and the source itself of God's plan for the whole of humanity. Thus, it is principally a water quantity doctrine. ... Consumer behavior that leads to a higher utilization of health care services when the services are covered by insurance. waters: equitable utilization and sustainable development Rhoda Margesson This paper develops the idea that the principle of equitable utilization must be applied in concert with sustainable water use not only in the resolution of specific disputes but in the cooperative management of water resources in … Universal service is a cornerstone of the law that established the FCC, the Communications Act of 1934. The According to this principle, States are to “participate in the use, development and protection of an international watercourse in an equitable and reasonable manner”. On the other hand, most of the contemporary international water regimes have come up with important principle on water use and utilization i.e.
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